Co-founder of cellular transport research He discovered key mechanisms of how cells transport proteins. His work transformed cell biology and biotechnology. In 1948, he was born in the USA. In 1975, he earned his PhD in Biochemistry from Harvard University. In 1980, he began pioneering research on cellular transport and vesicle trafficking. Cellular transport research,

Co-founder of vesicle trafficking research He discovered how cells package and transport proteins. His work transformed cell biology and medicine. In 1950, he was born in the USA. In 1976, he earned his PhD in Biological Chemistry from Harvard University. In 1987, he began pioneering research on vesicle trafficking. Vesicle trafficking research, studying how cells

Co-founder of coronavirus and viral pathogenesis research. He studies how viruses emerge and cause disease in humans. His work transformed virology and pandemic preparedness. In 1954, he was born in the USA. In 1978, he earned his PhD in Microbiology from the University of North Carolina. In 1989, he began pioneering research on coronaviruses and

Co-founder of developmental biology and genetics. He discovered how genes control development using C. elegans. His work transformed genetics and neuroscience research. In 1927, he was born in South Africa. In 1951, he earned his PhD in Biology from the University of Cambridge. In 1963, he began pioneering research on C. elegans genetics. Developmental biology

Co-founder of RNA splicing research. He discovered that genes can be split and produce multiple proteins. His work transformed molecular biology and genetics. In 1944, he was born in the USA. In 1967, he earned his PhD in Chemistry from the University of Illinois. In 1977, he began pioneering research on RNA splicing. RNA splicing

Co-founder of human genetics research. She discovered the BRCA1 gene linked to hereditary breast cancer. Her work transformed cancer genetics and diagnostics. In 1946, she was born in the USA. In 1970, she earned her PhD in Genetics from the University of California, Berkeley. In 1990, she began pioneering research on BRCA1 and hereditary cancer.

Co-founder of olfactory research. He discovered how the sense of smell is encoded in genes and neurons. His work transformed neuroscience and sensory biology. In 1946, he was born in the USA. In 1970, he earned his MD from Columbia University. In 1991, he began pioneering research on olfactory receptors. Olfactory research, studying how genes

Co-founder of hepatitis C virus research. He discovered the hepatitis C virus and developed models to study it. His work transformed virology and treatment of liver disease. In 1952, he was born in the USA. In 1978, he earned his PhD from Washington University in St. Louis. In 1989, he began pioneering research on hepatitis

Co-founder of prion research. He discovered prions, infectious proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases. His work transformed neuroscience and molecular medicine. In 1942, he was born in the USA. In 1968, he earned his MD from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1982, he began pioneering research on prions. Prion research, studying infectious proteins that cause brain

Co-founder of protein folding research. She discovered how proteins fold and misfold, affecting disease. Her work transformed molecular biology and understanding of neurodegenerative disorders. In 1949, she was born in the USA. In 1975, she earned her PhD in Biology from Harvard University. In 1980, she began pioneering research on protein folding. Protein folding research,

Joan Steitz. Co-founder of RNA biology research She discovered key mechanisms of RNA splicing and regulation. Her work transformed molecular biology and genetics research. In 1941, she was born in the USA. In 1966, she earned her PhD in Biochemistry from Harvard University. In 1970, she began groundbreaking research on RNA splicing. 1. RNA biology,

Elias Zerhouni. Co-founder of translational medicine initiatives He pioneered strategies to move discoveries from lab to clinic. His work reshaped biomedical research and public health. In 1951, he was born in Algeria. In 1977, he earned his MD from the University of Algiers. In 1995, he co-founded initiatives to promote translational medicine in the U.S.