Frances Arnold.
Inventor of directed evolution
She pioneered a new way to engineer proteins.
Her work changed chemistry and biotechnology.
In 1956, she was born in the USA.
In 1985, she earned her PhD in Chemical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley.
In 1993, she demonstrated directed evolution for improving enzymes.
1. Directed evolution, a method to evolve proteins by repeated mutation and selection.
2. It helps create better enzymes for medicine and industry.
3. It supports greener chemicals and cleaner fuels.
In 2018, she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
Her research reshaped modern bioengineering.
She currently leads research as a professor at the California Institute of Technology.
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